Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil and cook the pasta according to package instructions. Drain and set aside.
In a large skillet, heat olive oil over medium heat. Add garlic and sauté until fragrant, about 1 minute.
Add cauliflower florets to the skillet and cook until they start to soften, about 8-10 minutes.
Stir in the chickpeas, dried oregano, dried basil, and red pepper flakes. Season with salt and pepper to taste. Cook for an additional 5 minutes.
Add the cooked pasta, cherry tomatoes, and Kalamata olives to the skillet. Stir to combine and cook for 2-3 minutes until everything is heated through.
Remove from heat and stir in fresh parsley and lemon juice.
Serve hot with grated Parmesan cheese, if desired.