Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a large baking sheet with parchment paper and set it aside.
In a medium-sized mixing bowl, whisk together the all-purpose flour, granulated sugar, baking powder, salt, and instant espresso powder.
In a separate large bowl, lightly beat the room-temperature eggs, then whisk in the vanilla extract until fully combined.
Gradually pour the dry flour mixture into the wet egg mixture. Use a sturdy wooden spoon or spatula to mix until a thick, cohesive dough begins to form.
Pour in the chopped hazelnuts and gently fold them into the dough. You may need to use your hands to ensure the nuts are evenly distributed throughout the thick mixture.
Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured work surface. Divide it equally into two halves. Shape each half into a log about 9 inches long and 2.5 inches wide. Place the logs on the prepared baking sheet, spacing them a few inches apart.
Bake for 25 minutes, or until the logs are firm to the touch and have developed a pale golden color.
Remove from the oven and let the logs cool on the baking sheet for exactly 10 to 15 minutes. Reduce your oven temperature to 325°F (165°C).
Transfer the semi-cooled logs to a cutting board. Using a sharp serrated knife, slice them on a slight diagonal into 3/4-inch thick pieces. Press down gently but firmly to slice cleanly through the hazelnuts.
Place the sliced biscotti cut-side down back onto the baking sheet. Bake for 8-10 minutes, carefully flip each piece over, and bake for a final 8-10 minutes. They should be deeply golden, completely dry, and heavily toasted. Cool completely on a wire rack before serving!